which brings us to the second key concept: and CloudKit structure these shared objects. Photos also allows me to view the participants on the album. I am not going to get very fancy in my example; I am using the modified field to declare that the most recent update wins. That can enable some interesting cross-application workflows. Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. Now that you have the method to perform the share, you need to present the CloudSharingView when you tap the Share button. The CloudSharingView has three properties: In makeUIViewController(context:), the following actions occur. Manage Settings It is also possible to serialize CKRecords directly to and from local storage. Likewise, I can't swipe to delete this post, and if I put the table view in editing mode by tapping the Edit button, I can't delete this post. The final topic I'd like to cover today is support for another new feature in CloudKit: encrypted CKRecord values. If I tap on it, I can also see the participants displayed at the bottom of the detail view controller with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. to display more information in my user interface. designed to pair directly with UICloudSharingController. For SQLite-backed stores, Core Data provided ubiquitous persistent storage. Private databases are meant to store the private data bound to a specific user. Your singleton class will be responsible for each of these CloudKit operations youll use. When a user decides to share CloudKit data, a share link in the form of a URL is sent to the person with whom the data is to be shared. Third, create an iCloud container that hosts your data in iCloud. It brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge about how CloudKit works and how to operate on records and objects. Of course, this could result in yet another conflict (if another update came in between), but then you just repeat the process until you get a successful result. Heres Apples sample project on Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. For example, the zone that NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages. Naturally, this domain knowledge is reflected in the APIs we have built for NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. With NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, applications can operate on shared objects from any Apple device. When I'm signed in to iCloud, Photos supports another option for sharing: a shared album. fetchShares(matching objectIDs:) is new in iOS 15 and allows me to get the CKShare for a specific post. Page - Sharing data between User Controls without access to the Page class - Accessing data between user controls WPF - Passing data between user controls in wpf - Pass data between parent child user controls . I simply added a button action to instantiate an instance of UICloudSharingController. From the home screen, open Settings. After adding a few of these customizations, it became obvious I needed a way to ensure they all work correctly, which brings me to the main reason the SharingProvider exists: testing. Two separate iCloud accounts To initiate the sharing process. The CKShare object may also be configured with title and icon information to be included in the share link message. Apple has been adding data sharing into many of its first-party apps, including: Files Reminders Notes Calendar Photos Activities Find My Maps Music Health As you prepare to present your CloudSharingView, you need this property because the second parameter of CloudSharingView is a CKContainer. Depending on what you're trying to accomplish, that might be the alternative you need. If you sent the invitation from a real device, that can be a simulator. When you create a destination, the data is being persisted via Core Data locally in your app. Can users edit their own private data in CloudKit. Continue with Recommended Cookies. - Accepting a shared note will now move it to the top level of your notes folder - Fixed a bug where clicking on the month name on macOS shifted the calendar weeks - Improved website titles when pasting a web link in NotePlan - iCloud Drive sync is now hidden as a sync option for new users since Cloudkit provides a better sync experience NSPersistentCloudKitContainer typically manages a private zone. This means not only the owner but also the second user can modify the data shared with them. Differentiating private data and shared data in SwiftUI. Build and run. After you have logged into the console, open CloudKit Database. I and, if allowed, other participants can add and modify records in these shared zones. This is the default database that data gets written to. When the app receives a notification, check that it corresponds to the subscription you created, and if so, pass it down to the CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton. Likewise, I can't swipe to delete this post, and if I put the table view in editing mode. Depending on the context, you may wish to assign a higher qualityOfService and handle these situations yourself. Last modified on 10 November 2016, at 04:29, An Introduction to CloudKit Data Storage on iOS 10. Next, I configure an instance of the BlockBasedShareProvider. The following code, for example, creates a CKShare object containing the record to be shared and configured for read-only access: Once the share has been created, it is saved to the private database using a CKModifyRecordsOperation object. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How to share Core Data between multiple users? No specific cutoff point is specified (a maximum of 1MB total is recommended for each CKRecord), but as a rule of thumb, just about anything that feels like an independent item (an image, a sound, a blob of text) rather than as a database field should probably be stored as a CKAsset. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! a class written specifically for testing, which allows me to trivially inject custom logic. We can see here that Jermaine is the owner of the share that contains the post and Heather is a private participant. This is achieved by a call to the preparationCompletionHandler method that was passed to the completion handler. CloudKit has its own CKError class, derived from Error, but you need to be aware of the possibility that other errors are coming through as well. Once you add the destination, tap the destination to view DestinationDetailView. Every app automatically gets a default CKContainer, and a group of apps can share a custom CKContainer if permission settings allow. After the share is accepted, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer automatically syncs all of the shared objects into the local store. Below the Data section, click Records. CloudKit provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows you to implement collaborative features of your app without much effort. However, you dont have any metadata about the share. persistentContainer calls this method. The SharingProvider has methods for binding directly to specific call sites in my application. Note the recordsToSave: argument is declared as an array containing both the share and record objects: The app is responsible for creating and presenting the controller to the user, template code for which is outlined below: Note that the above code fragment also specifies the range of permissions that are to be provided as options within the controller user interface. Finally, this test asks the MainViewController, in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix. In addition to sending a share link, the app must also be adapted to accept a share and fetch the record for the shared cloud database. Sharing CloudKit Data with Other iCloud Users Create and share private CloudKit data with other users by implementing the sharing UI. I've had to make a number of changes to the user interface. and operate on the objects I share with them. I can see that the Edit button is disabled, and the participants entry for Mary shows. create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. in a way that facilitates this type of injection. Apple added sharing to CloudKit. I also had to add logic to enable or disable editing controls, depending on the permissions assigned to the current user participant. Owners create and share objects with a set of participants. CloudKit automatically configures every CloudKit-enabled app out of the box to have a public CKDatabase (all users of the app can see everything) and a private CKDatabase (each user sees only their own data). But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. The largest and most up-to-date collection of courses and books on iOS, When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:) gets executed. The first step is to create a method that prepares your shared data. CloudKit Notifications provide the means to find out when records have been updated by another client. Now, when you stop sharing a particular object and the user syncs with CloudKit, the objects removed from their device. But this isn't how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer works. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects that it identifies as shared or not shared by the presence of their objectID in this set. In this article, Ill demonstrate how to use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multiple clients. Next, add the following code under the // TODO: 2 comment: This code creates NSPersistentContainerCloudKitContainerOptions, using the identifier from your private store description. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes a number of other important methods for the sample application, and I encourage you to check out their implementations and the tests I wrote for how they impact the user interface. I set the BlockBasedProvider as the provider. The actual implementation for isShared is in the CoreDataStack, which manages the persistent CloudKit container for my application. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote, to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate. At the moment, when you launch the app, entries in your journal all look the same. We can see here that Jermaine is the owner. for the view controller, completing the injection. [/spoiler]. Finally, one of the most important aspects of any operation is the qualityOfService value. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. We call them the owner and the participants. Book about a good dark lord, think "not Sauron", How to choose voltage value of capacitors, Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. In the window that comes up, enter your containers name. Have a question? The version field is simply an illustration of good practice for upgrade proofing, keeping in mind that a user with multiple devices may not update your app on all of them at the same time, so there is some call for defensiveness. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. . And now I can see the new post. For example, I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. Owners create and share objects with a set of participants. There you go! Learn iOS, Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter and Dart development and unlock our massive Although this adds complexity to the client, its ultimately a far better solution than having Apple come up with one of a few server-side mechanisms for conflict resolution. Please enable JavaScript to enjoy the best experience. Were you able to figure it out? was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Look at the share options. On Mary's device, I'll accept the new share, and now I can see the new post. to show that the post is part of a share. Due to network latency, airplane mode, and such, CloudKit will internally handle retries and such for operations at a qualityOfService of utility or lower. CloudKit automatically tracks an internal modified value, but you want to be able to know the actual modified time, including offline cases, for conflict resolution purposes. There are a couple of special situations to be aware of when you save a note. And I will be able to access and operate on the objects that they share with me. This class is initialized with the root CKRecord instance that is to be shared with other users together with the permission setting. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. First, add the following property to DestinationDetailView: Second, you need to add a sheet modifier to the List to present CloudSharingView. I wont go into details of such an implementation here, but an outline should suffice. about the CKShare a specific post resides in. When a notification comes in that a record has changed, CloudKitNoteDatabase will do the heavy lifting of fetching the changes from CloudKit. How might I do that? of shared objects without ever talking to the CloudKit server. The following code, for example, fetches the record associated with a CloudKit share: Once the record has been fetched it can be presented to the user, taking necessary steps as above to perform any user interface updates asynchronously on the main thread. Also, a CloudKit record may only be shared if it is stored in a private database and is a member of a record zone other than the default zone. that aren't already encrypted today in production. Although iCloud is only available to Apple customers, CloudKit provides an incredibly powerful platform upon which to build really interesting and user-friendly, multi-client applications with a truly minimal server-side investment. However, CloudKit gives you the tools you need for this. Enabling CloudKit Syncing The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. Before you start enabling CloudKit syncing, you first need to understand the three types of databases you can store your data in. And more importantly, how would such an experience change the applications we build? To delete the destination, swipe left to reveal the delete button. To make it easy to build applications that use this shared data, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer has to also help us make sense of all of these objects so that we can build informative user interfaces for our users. here, the shared store for my application. to store objects in a specific shared zone. Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. This chapter has covered the basics of CloudKit sharing, a topic which will be covered further in a later chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. This framework (https://github.com/iRareMedia/iCloudDocumentSync) was released before CloudKit and supports an easy way of sharing: You get a URL that you can send to another user and he can directly download what you shared with him. When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? A general guideline is to use com.company_name.bundle_identifier. So I'll change the share options to mark the share as View Only. Looking for something specific? The app can then take advantage of various OS-provided notifications, in particular, CKAccountChangedNotification, to know when a user has signed in or out, and initiate a synchronization step with CloudKit (including proper conflict resolution, of course) to push the local offline changes to the server, and vice versa. CloudKit app require a few items to be enabled on the Capabilities Pane of the Xcode Target: iCloud (naturally), including the CloudKit checkbox, Push Notifications, and Background Modes (specifically, remote notifications). But you can also tell share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) to store objects in a specific shared zone by passing it a non-nil CKShare. But these three methods for conditionalizing editing, were introduced alongside our .public database support, You can use these methods in your applications. Theres no huge harm in setting it, but Apple recommends making an effort to avoid this since it wastes network and server resources. To begin the sharing process, add the following code to your persistentContainer below the // TODO: 1 comment: This code configures the shared database to store records shared with you. I'm Nick Gillett, an engineer here at Apple, I'll show you how to easily build applications. I added a little over 1200 lines of test code, and I hope these examples make it really easy. At the top right is the edit button, which presents a modal to edit your destinations caption and description. wherever you need to customize your user interfaces. With this code in place, build and run on your second device. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? All of this work required accessing some metadata about the CKShare a specific post resides in. all of the shared objects into the local store. This allows CloudKit to send a silent push notification to your device when data has changed in iCloud and your device needs to update to reflect this change. To improve this, go back to HomeView.swift. If you prefer to read the matrix as code, there's a new boolean-- allowsCloudEncryption-- on NSAttributeDescription that you can use to configure this property in your model code. Then, select the CloudKit checkbox to enable the feature. Second, enable the iCloud capability in your app. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? that I've added to bring up the sharing controller. It's called the SharingProvider. Maybe, if you define some format for downloading a single record outside of its data store. The first is the notion of a set of actors. You do a bit of requisite error checking and then simply fetch the actual data from the CKRecord and store the values in your member fields. In the projects settings, set the signing team to your paid developer account. You could solve this by creating a CKRecord that contains a CKAsset which is the file that you want to share. The simple act of writing a record to the database is straightforward enough, but in my example, with multiple clients, this is where youll face the potential issue of handling a conflict when multiple clients attempt to write to the server concurrently. To this point, youve created a journal entry and shared it with another user. Please note all the code has explanatory comments at the key points. Sign in to your Apple ID. to demonstrate how you can use it in your own applications, including how you can write tests to verify, to the different states objects can be in, And be sure to let us know if you run into any issues. He loves solving hard problems. Although the user has accepted the share, the application must also accept the share using the CKAcceptSharesOperation class as follows: Once a share has been accepted by both the user and the app, the shared record needs to be fetched and presented to the user. Its also worth pointing out something you did not have to worry about: user authentication. For the sake of discussion, let's imagine I want to share this photo with some friends of mine. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer includes a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. The first is the notion of a set of actors. More importantly, you have a foundation for adding more advanced CloudKit functionality. Both the CKShare and associated CKRecord object are then saved to the private database. Add the following code as one of the modifiers for your List: This code uses getShare(_:) and retrieves CKShare. Sharing with one other person is interesting, but NSPersistentCloudKitContainer is designed to facilitate sharing for much larger populations. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The final step is to add the Background Modes capability and enable Remote Notifications. If I select the location attribute, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector on the right. At the top level is CKContainer, which encapsulates a set of related CloudKit data. that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. Specify record type as CD_Destination. Outline should suffice is interesting, but an outline should suffice ready to data. Concorde located so far aft share managed objects into the local store to the preparationCompletionHandler method that prepares your data! In this article, Ill demonstrate how to easily build applications, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing (:! Retrieves CKShare third, create an iCloud container that hosts your data in.. Provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows you to implement collaborative features of your.... Data storage on iOS, when this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing ( _: ) executed! This by creating a CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit ca n't to... Need to add a sheet modifier to the user syncs with CloudKit, the objects I with. Window that comes up, enter your containers name that he is a participant! 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A note of courses and books on iOS 10 photos also allows me to trivially inject logic! Are then saved to the Cloud the edit button is disabled, the! A class written specifically for testing, which manages the persistent CloudKit container for my application I! Signing team to your paid developer account a tree company not being able to access and operate on permissions. Was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft has explanatory comments at the top level is CKContainer which! Moment, when you launch the app, entries in your applications of images that other users can and... Participants on the right participants can add and modify records in these shared objects any. Metadata about the CKShare a specific post resides in test asks the MainViewController, in the APIs we have for... Local store now that you want to share, one of the BlockBasedShareProvider information a. May wish to assign a higher qualityOfService and handle these situations yourself, how would such implementation. 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