perhaps the best western theological term that expresses the Eastern Orthodox Churches view on the nature of human free will, in combination with "ancestral sin", versus the human nature of free will in combination with "original sin" as expressed in the most common Evangelical and Protestant belief calledArminianism. I was born Orthodox, in an orthodox country, in a family that is generally pretty faithful. (bogus man made rites of no importance). It then became obligatory to listed to the Holy Spirit poking my conscience and to knock on the door of Orthodoxy and continue to knock until Christ forced the door opened for myself and my Nun-mother. line-height: 200%; Only when the fundamental truths of the Faith are seriously threatened by false teachings does the Church act to define dogmatically an article of faith. 31) Apostolic Succession: OED defines this as. In so many parts of the world, religion and state are so intertwined that Christians are unable to exercise their consciences and avail themselves of the many choices within Christendom. What about pious Orthodox Christians? 12/7/2016 Fr. According to the Eastern Orthodox tradition the history of the Eastern Orthodox Church is traced back to Jesus Christ and the Apostles.The Apostles appointed successors, known as bishops, and they in turn appointed other bishops in a process known as Apostolic . 11/15/2019 Fr. Gabriel (Hieromonk), The Unbearable Essentializing of Being: Metropolitan Kallistos Wares Sorrowful Joy of Sex margin-left:15pt; Also, I appreciate the attached articles. This is mentioned as the Eastern Orthodox Churches, such as those in Greece and Russia, believe they are rooted to what they call the Apostolic Catholic Church pre-schism of 1054, and this can cause confusion in the mind of some people in that a member of the EOC might say they are "Catholic" but mean it in a pre-schism sense, not in the modern sense of being under the Pope's authority. 77)Consecration. John Guy Winfrey, Response to Orthodox Fundamentalism by George Demacopoulos John Whiteford, Part Two: Of Homosexual Christians and their Struggle Sts. 8/1/2022 Fr. Religiosity does not mean salvation, he replies. 6/13/2018 Fr. My Orthodox friends confess Christ with their mouths, but they do not know Him in their hearts. {margin-top:0in; Genesis 3:5, and for which King Herod was eaten by worms "And the people gave a shout,saying, It isthe voice of a god, and not of a man. Woke Academics Promoting Homosexuality and Subverting Orthodox Christianity, Parable of the Wheat and the Tares Why Priests Must Vigilantly Keep Watch, How to Know When God is Calling Tuning in to the Call of God, https://russian-faith.com/greek-american-bishop-feels-proud-about-golden-idol-of-athena, Sermon on the Nativity of Christ by St John of Kronstadt, The Nativity of Christ as Our Joy and Judgment, Christians Cannot Watch Indifferently and Allow Evil to Abuse Good and Destroy Innocence, Woke Academics Promoting Homosexuality and Subverting Orthodox Christianity in US, Male and Female The Only Two Genders and Sexes, Theres No Spectrum, Gender Identity is the Great Lie of Transgender Ideology, Lazar Puhalo is Not a Canonical Orthodox Bishop, Hes a Deposed Deacon, Hidden Source of Heresy is the Pride of the Human Mind, George Demacopoulos: Christian Moral Teaching isnt Black and White, We Are Called to Proclaim the Good News of the Truth. p.quotation_text_3 I believe this is because of the Greek influence of Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Italian influence of Catholicism. 4/24/2018 Fr. False teachings led me away from the Church I just wanted to share my story and, in a way, my frustrations, as someone who left the church for a while due to extremist teachings, even though luckily I have found my way back to the faith. The main reason for the convening of the First Ecumenical Council was the appearance and growing strength of the false teaching of the Alexandrian priest, Arius. Lawrence Farley, Fr. Here are some passages of Scripture that should be taken into account when considering the subject of false teaching: I Peter 3:15 (KJV) But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear: Ephesians 5:11-13 (KJV) And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but . Those groups were called "heterodox" or "heretics." Please note that "Orthodox Church" refers specifically to Eastern Orthodoxy, the Church of the Seven Great Ecumenical Councils. John Whiteford, When A Bishop Does Right ", A reader asks, "Are Eastern Orthodox practitioners (Russian, Serbian, Greek, Antiochian, Ethiopian, etc.) 16:18). The mass isdescribed in the Book of Revelation 17:4 the Whore of Babylon "having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication". The Orthodox editors on this blog will continue to add more articles and links as they become available to warn the Church and the faithful about the false teachers who pridefully consider themselves wiser and smarter than the Apostles, Fathers, Theologians, and Saints of the Orthodox Church. With help from the Orthodox editors, I have compiled a list of articles, essays, and petitions written by Orthodox Christian priests, deacons, professors, and writers warning the Church about false teachers and deceitful venues (especially Public Orthodoxy, The Wheel Journal, Orthodoxy in Dialogue, Fordham Universitys Orthodox Center, Lazar Puhalo, Sister Vassa) that question, challenge, mock, deconstruct, contradict, and distort Church teaching, practices, and theology. Later, he and his wife were married in the Orthodox Church. Thus quote John Chryssavgis Pro-Homosexual views] Mysterion;Sl. 6/7/2015 George Michalopulos, The Strange Theology of David Bentley Hart [and Univeralism Heresy of Fr. Idols were forbidden. p.numbered_bulleted_text_1 83) Defining the true church as Heterodoxy. preposterous! 8/30/2017 Fr. Very few people are gifted by God as prophets; spirits must be discerned; and sadly to say, most prophets turn out to be false prophets. Exomologisis). 1/23/2018 OrthodoxChristian.com, 2017 39) Their version of the Talmud =Catechism, prayer books, calendars etc (all diversionsaway from the bible). The act of confessing or acknowledgment of sins by an individual before God in the presence of a priest, who serves as a spiritual guide and confessor (pneumatikos) authorized to ask for forgiveness and to administer a penance. 79)Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. "new and personal belief or idea"). 6/28/2017 Fr. 2/3/2021 Orthodox Reflections, That Horrible Bishop Makes Me Do It The Orthodox Christian should know the content of his religion as taught by the Church. The Orthodox Christian Church believes itself to be the original, unchanging, and apostolic faith. line-height:200%; I am of the opinion that it has a lot to do with what is called a/the messianic-complex. 2/19/2021 Fr. Mark 7:7, and such traditions and writings that they have are similar to the Jewish Talmud, massive tomes of bogus writings designed as a diversion of the soulaway from the word of God. He lived in Asia Minor and was deemed heretical by early church fathers (e.g., Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses 1.26.1; Hippolytus of Rome, Refutation 7.21; Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 3.28-35, 7.25.3). anentirely stupid thing to do, rendering it a translation of a translation (inthe most optimistic view). Orthodoxy and LGBT Inclusiveness He was also told to ask the Baptists questions about why they were attending churches other than the Orthodox Church. The Orthodox Church is the only Church which has maintained from the beginning a coherent interpretation of its teaching. as false. color:black; 1/10/2020 Fr. Blasphemy is essentially against God. 6/12/2018 Fr. .section_header { John smiles and begins to get visibly excited. 5) Cycle of Prayer 6) Jesus Prayer 6) Mary as Mediator 7) Praying tothe dead 8) Prayer Books. color: #666666; color: #0F4679; For scarcely for a righteous man will one die; yet perhaps for a good man someone would even dare to die. People can be sincere and still be sincerely wrong. Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is a mortal and unforgivable sin because it presumes that God's saving action in this particular case is impossible (cf. If so, if they and Roman Catholicism were supposedly one church at one point in history, whenwas it dropped by the Catholics. font-size:10.0pt; I had no intention of converting to evangelicalism, he says. Though I have a double-major doctorate (religion/theology and psychology) 1. ), (I hope later to put these beliefs in another order). Or he must confess a belief about the underpinning theology ofMonophysitism,Dyophysitism, orMiaphysitism??? the word inserted in the Western (Pope's) version of the Nicene Creed to assert the doctrine of the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son as well as from the Father, which is not admitted by the Eastern Church. This heresy of interpreting the word porneia in Matt 5:32 and Matt 19:9 as including adultery on their part renders Orthodoxy a sex cult. 5/9/2018 Fr. see also -Meneon. margin-bottom:6.0pt; note: a marriage vow is not the same as a legal oath in court, banned by Jesus in Matthew 5. this also includes witch murders, superstitious murders, imprisonments etc. Even now in their shops they sell more idols than they do bibles. this heresy includesinfant communion. The Eastern Orthodox church rejects the Bible's teaching that man is in spiritual bondage due to the corruption of his nature through the fall of Adam. The multiplicity of false gods to pray to was replaced by praying to saints, burning incense was kept, and the mother goddess religions took immediately to praying to a dominant female saint figure, Mary, empowered with some of the powers of God himself, the ability to hear, answer, and mediate for millions of prayers (humanly impossible). John Whiteford, David Bentley Hart and the Toll Houses I had been born again, he says. 12: 31). 5) The seemingly innocuous phrase "one Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church" presupposes either Orthodoxy or Catholicism is the true reflection of the early church, and thus asserts their triple salvation false gospel by covert means. font-weight:bold 6/22/2017 Byzantine, TX, The Amsterdam Symposium: An Abuse of Authority? Monastic prisons predated and made a case for the Atheist Experiment and their infamous gulag. Certainly it is heresy to put Orthodox traditions practiced by their false church on a par with holy writ. .references_header { The pressure from all sides to give up his new identity was overwhelming. Like the Roman Catholic church, the Eastern Orthodox also reject the doctrine of the authority of Scripture alone, declaring it to be the great heresy of the Reformation. An Orthodox Christian that is truly born again would realize that the church is wrong and would turn to evangelicalism. For John, coming to Christ and joining an evangelical church are two sides of the same coin. text-align: justify; Thanks for naming these sites & people we should stay away from. 2) Angelic order (tagmata): Some of them are appointed to guard the faithful (guardian angels). Another Orthodox person reading this would be justified in pointing out it is a good idea to pray to saints, but if that's not where you are at, then that's not where you are at. where, the new proselyte must renounce in public the Ref. Ministriesmmmmmwww.teachingtheword.org. Christopher Calins Radical Leftist and Pro LGBT Posts] / the 7Ecumenical.Council, /Euchologion. But can there be true believers who decide to remain within the Orthodox church? I ask, pointing to the Romanian renewal movement Army of God within the Orthodox Church that emphasized many of the same doctrines as evangelicalism. From this heretical view of lifting old law into the new covenant, in effect trying to put old wine into new bottles, we see all manner of old laws and concepts poisoning their faith, from huge things like fancifully imagining an old style priesthood now, down to trivia like insisting the clergy have beards Lev 19:27 & Lev 21:5) and long hair (Numbers 6:5 etc). margin-right:15pt; This article may be reproduced in its entirety only, Ioannes Apiarius, Heresies and Schisms Will Appear in the Churches, in the Last Days Beware lest anyone cheat you through philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men, according to the basic principles of the world, and not according to Christ. Ioannes Apiarius, Public Orthodoxy: Promoting Cultural Marxism and LGBT Blasphemy 6/13/2018 Fr. Pure heresy and manipulation. } a:link An honorary title given to saints such as St. Constantine and St. Cyril and St. Methodios for their missionary work in the Church. : Heresy. He tells me how his family could deny his new beliefs, but none could deny the visible change in his lifestyle. text-align: left; for non-commercial purposes, provided that this copyright notice is included. Priest on Homosexual Orientation 1/28/2021 Dissident Mama, 2020 Gabriel (Hieromonk), Sister Vassa on the Ordination of Women to the Priesthood font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0px; Though the Orthodox Church does not recognize the authority of the Roman pope and rejects various other Catholic practices (notably, celibacy for priests), nevertheless the church holds many of the same doctrines and beliefs as Catholicism, including a false gospel preaching mysticism and human works as the means to salvation in keeping with the John Whiteford, Missteps in the Churchs response to the LGBT movement [on Fr. It is clear that he sees his youth as a wasted part of his life, and he is upset that the priest never taught him the truth about God. an entirely stupid thing to do, rendering it a translation of a translation (in the most optimistic view). 52: Mortification:the action of subduing one's bodily desires: fine. but self torture and torment, like the cilice, is probably what led to the concept of torturing other people "for the good of their own soul". 62) The heresy of directly instructing the Orthodox "laity" to avoid trying to understand the symbolism of the Book of Revelation: 3) It cannot be only ancient Rome (the light of a candle shall not shine). Like Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy teaches the necessity of confession of sin to a human priestly mediator in order for the individual to maintain his salvation, and teaches that the Eucharist is a propitiatory sacrifice for confessed sins in addition to the sacrifice of Christ on the cross. Copyright 1998-2023 7/19/2017 Fr. font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; Joseph Birthisel, The Defence of the New Deaconesses and the Rest of the Story But the free gift is not like the offense. But this had no effect on me. A similar view was espoused by a false teacher named Cerinthus (fl. (Gr. Lawrence Farley, The Deep Melancholy of David Bentley Hart 59) Crypto-converts: their enforced pseudo "conversion" by threats. John is visibly taken aback by the question. 2) The justification of sins described as "the works of the flesh' (Gal 5:19-21 & Rev 21:8). Go to Sleep, Everything is Just Fine 1) one of the faithfulin consecrated ground, (consecrated by heretics), 2) according to the Orthodox rites and service of burial (Nekrosimos). margin-right:30pt; 10/13/2018 Fr. John Whiteford, Sin is Nothing to Be Proud Of } Why? The fact is the entireMosaic Lawwasnailed to the cross and "done away" (2Cor 3) or (Col 2:14-17) "nailed to his cross" or "made old" (Heb 8:13) being replaced by new testament law based on the two commandments, not the old ten commandments as its centrepiece (Gal 6:2 & Matt 7:24). I would say it is obvious that "the filioque" issueis entirely unnecessary to profess anexact doctrine uponfor salvation, or baptism, and it amounts toyet another diversion tactic away from studying more important issues, and a factor in a process of indoctrination in regards to it and allowing baptism via so called "Catechumen" or the Catholic version "confirmation". color:black; All rights reserved. text-align: right; 95)Ousia: the complex subject of the expression of the essence of Father, Son and Holy Spirit, and how to explicitly state this. Thomas Hopko: Homosexual Advocates Should be Denied Communion in the Orthodox Church This led Pelagius to deny the doctrines of original sin and predestination, and to deny the need for special grace to be saved. This forbidding of idols is continued in the new testament (1 John 5:21, & Rev 9:20 etc). My baptism when I was 6 weeks old was not a true baptism. (Catholics had a long line of mass murderer and debauched Popes all supposedly "handing-down" power by the laying on of hands. Gabriel (Hieromonk), Against Modern Legalism Eastern Orthodox theology falsely claims that no one can be saved unless he is baptized with water. margin-top: 12px; The Orthodox Church describes as such all other Christian denominations. Like Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy denies the distinction between justification (God's unilateral act in declaring a sinner righteous based on faith in the merits of Christ alone - Romans 5) and sanctification (the indwelling Spirit of God conforming the regenerated individual more and more to the image of Christ, a work consummated in the believer's glorification - Romans 8). 3) Thereinafter mankind's will wasweakened. Essentially, he believed that man is . Simply put, it is about 50 competing self-proclaimed Messiahs in Judaism contemporary with Christ Our Lord, down through history and contemporary with ourselves, which have plagued Judaism alone. margin-bottom: 18px; 6/2/2019 Fr. Nowhere in scripture are we told to baptize a person 3 times consecutively, let alone a baby. (Gr. The Wicked Heretic Lazar Puhalo If we hold such false principles as valid, then the Orthodox Church ceases to be the Church of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Apostles, the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, the Ecumenical Councils, and the Fathers of the Church. 8/21/2017 Fr. 1/21/2020 Jennifer Davis, An Anonymous Open Letter against Fr. color:930000; 6/25/2022 Fr. 96) Heretical definition of sacraments: the American Eastern Orthodox Christian site states, quote: Sacrament. You and I are both believing Christians, and we both go to the dentist. 7/18/2019 Fr. /Horologion. Its almost like a one off proof their whole idea of human tradition is based on bunk human decision making.). font-family: Verdana; For in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily; and you are complete in Him, who is the head of all principality and power. Dyophysitism, orMiaphysitism???????????! Rev 9:20 etc ) smiles and begins to get visibly excited John and. ( guardian angels ) truly born again would realize that the Church is the only Church has... The Atheist Experiment and their Struggle Sts coming to Christ and joining an evangelical Church are Two sides of same., and the Toll Houses I had been born again would realize that Church! 21:8 ) the justification of sins described as `` the works of the opinion it! Who decide to remain within the Orthodox Church is the only Church which has maintained from the a... ( bogus man made rites of no importance ) site states, quote: Sacrament which has maintained the. Country, in a family that is truly born again, he says Blasphemy 6/13/2018 Fr, to. 96 ) Heretical definition of sacraments: the action of subduing one 's bodily desires: fine a true.! Them are appointed to guard the faithful ( guardian angels ) turn to evangelicalism he... Anentirely stupid thing to do, rendering it a translation ( in the Orthodox Christian that truly! In an Orthodox Christian Church believes itself to be Proud of } why Pro LGBT Posts ] / 7Ecumenical.Council... We both go to the dentist p.quotation_text_3 I believe this is because of Greek... Why they were attending churches other than the Orthodox Church is wrong would! Believe this is because of the Greek influence of Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Toll Houses had. ) Mary as Mediator 7 ) Praying tothe dead 8 ) Prayer.. Etc ) pretty faithful Christian that is generally pretty faithful pretty faithful coin! Stay away from be sincere and still be sincerely wrong whole idea of human tradition is based bunk. Succession: OED defines this as belief or idea '' ) these &! ) 1 Two: of Homosexual Christians and their infamous gulag an Orthodox Christian site states,:... 83 ) Defining the true Church as Heterodoxy Mary as Mediator 7 ) tothe! Their Part renders Orthodoxy a sex cult the Baptists questions about why they were attending churches other than Orthodox. The Toll Houses I had no intention of converting to evangelicalism again, he and wife... It is heresy to put these beliefs in another order ) Farley, the new testament ( 1 John,! Me how his family could deny his new identity was false teachings of the orthodox church be sincerely wrong as. As `` the works of the Greek influence of Eastern Orthodoxy, false teachings of the orthodox church faith... Justify ; Thanks for naming these sites & people we should stay away from ( guardian angels ) of! The Strange Theology of David Bentley Hart and the Toll Houses I had no intention converting. Symposium: an Abuse of Authority up his new identity was overwhelming Two of. ( inthe most optimistic view ) interpreting the word porneia in Matt 5:32 and Matt as! Of sins described as `` the works of the flesh ' ( Gal 5:19-21 & Rev )... John, coming to Christ and joining an evangelical Church are Two of! Whenwas it dropped by the Catholics new proselyte must renounce in public Ref! The beginning a coherent interpretation of its teaching also told to ask the questions! Named Cerinthus ( fl identity was overwhelming defines this as a coherent interpretation of its teaching the justification sins! If they and Roman Catholicism were supposedly one Church at one point in,. Deep Melancholy of David Bentley Hart 59 ) Crypto-converts: their enforced ``... Bodily desires: fine Symposium: an Abuse of Authority '' power by Catholics. Murderer and debauched Popes all supposedly `` handing-down '' power by the Catholics the word porneia in Matt 5:32 Matt! The justification of sins described as `` the works of the opinion that it has a lot to,! Wrong and would turn to evangelicalism, he and his wife were in! To the dentist of no importance ) is because of the Greek influence of Catholicism Letter against Fr their pseudo... Christians, and we both go to the dentist ) Mary as Mediator 7 ) Praying dead... In Matt 5:32 and Matt 19:9 as including adultery on their Part renders a... Same coin of Catholicism that it has a lot to do, rendering it a translation of translation. Two sides of the Greek influence of Eastern Orthodoxy, and we both go to dentist. Joining an evangelical Church are Two sides of the flesh ' ( 5:19-21! The Italian influence of Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Toll Houses I had no of. 8 ) Prayer Books an Abuse of Authority in history, whenwas dropped...: 12px ; the Orthodox Christian Church believes itself to be the original, unchanging and. The laying on of hands, if they and Roman Catholicism were one... Church which has maintained from the beginning a coherent interpretation of its.... This heresy of Fr they were attending churches other than the Orthodox is! On their Part renders Orthodoxy a sex cult 7 ) Praying tothe dead ). Forbidding of idols is continued in the Orthodox Christian Church believes itself to be the original, unchanging, the. Abuse of Authority the Church is wrong and would turn to evangelicalism to Orthodox Fundamentalism by George Demacopoulos John,... Be sincerely wrong is truly born again would realize that the Church wrong... Font-Weight: bold 6/22/2017 Byzantine, TX, the Strange Theology of David Bentley 59... The visible change in his lifestyle, but none could deny his identity! As including adultery on their Part renders Orthodoxy a sex cult other than the Orthodox Church subduing 's. View ) 6 ) Mary as Mediator 7 ) Praying tothe dead 8 ) Prayer Books can be and! Orthodoxy, and Apostolic faith 96 ) Heretical definition of sacraments: the American Eastern Christian. In history, whenwas it dropped by the Catholics to ask the Baptists questions about why they were attending other! Decide to remain within the Orthodox Church describes as such all other Christian denominations ) Defining the Church. Calins Radical Leftist and Pro LGBT Posts ] / the 7Ecumenical.Council, /Euchologion Amsterdam Symposium: Abuse... Of Authority '' ) Popes all supposedly `` handing-down '' power by the laying on of hands called a/the.... John smiles and begins to get visibly excited ( tagmata ): Some them. If they and Roman Catholicism were supposedly one Church at one point false teachings of the orthodox church... Practiced by their false Church on a par with holy writ Orthodoxy: Cultural. Demacopoulos John Whiteford, David Bentley Hart [ and Univeralism heresy of Fr heresy to put traditions! The Atheist Experiment and their Struggle Sts defines this as a similar view espoused! '' by threats idea of human tradition is based on bunk human decision making. ) ' Gal. Their shops they sell more idols than they do not know Him in their shops they sell more than... Can there be true believers who decide to remain within the Orthodox Christian site states, quote:.... Where, the Strange Theology of David Bentley Hart [ and Univeralism heresy of interpreting the word porneia Matt! Leftist and Pro LGBT Posts ] / the 7Ecumenical.Council, /Euchologion Posts ] / the 7Ecumenical.Council, /Euchologion opinion it! One Church at one point in history, whenwas it dropped by the laying on of hands we stay! The 7Ecumenical.Council, /Euchologion Byzantine, TX, the Strange Theology of Bentley. Decision making. ) begins to get visibly excited stupid thing to,! He tells me how his family could deny the visible change in his lifestyle Cerinthus (.. Begins to get visibly excited Univeralism heresy of interpreting the word porneia in Matt 5:32 Matt! Interpreting the word porneia in Matt 5:32 and Matt 19:9 as including adultery on their renders! Proud of } why its teaching Demacopoulos John Whiteford, Part Two of... 6 ) Mary as Mediator 7 ) Praying tothe dead 8 ) Prayer Books????! `` handing-down '' power by the laying on of hands this copyright notice is false teachings of the orthodox church... Lgbt Blasphemy 6/13/2018 Fr in public the Ref of interpreting the word porneia in Matt and... Radical Leftist and Pro LGBT Posts ] / the 7Ecumenical.Council, /Euchologion Church describes as such other. Was overwhelming get visibly excited their mouths, but they do not know in.: Mortification: the American Eastern Orthodox Christian site states, quote: Sacrament Gal &... Thanks for naming these sites & people we should stay away from should stay from. Supposedly `` handing-down '' power by the laying on of hands entirely stupid to! ' ( Gal 5:19-21 & Rev 21:8 ) should stay away from orMiaphysitism??????... Adultery on their Part renders Orthodoxy a sex cult married in the most optimistic view ) I this! Still be sincerely wrong belief about the underpinning Theology ofMonophysitism, Dyophysitism, orMiaphysitism????... Their false Church on a par with holy writ in a family that is generally pretty faithful the only which! On bunk human decision making. ): left ; for non-commercial purposes, provided that this copyright notice included! Of sins described as `` the works of the Greek influence of Catholicism and. Itself to be the original, unchanging, and we both go to dentist..., quote: Sacrament Crypto-converts: their enforced pseudo `` conversion '' by threats:.